Unsecured Loans A Loan Is Taken Without Being Supported...

Unsecured lending is when a loan is taken without being supported with any collateral. Therefore the loan is received with no property or any borrower s assets being at risk if stop making payments. (http://banking.about.com/od/loans/g/unsecured.htm) Justin Pritchard (Justin Pritchard 2015) also identify them as signature loans for the reason that the borrower gives only his signature as a promise to repay the loan back. The lenders furthermore take higher risk with unsecured personal loans, as they have no rights to seize consumer s property and sell it to get their money back. However, they can proceed legal actions opposed the defaulter. As a result of this risk the lenders often charge higher interest rates for unsecured loans.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Low income households showed rates of usage that were close to the average for all households apart from for Credit Union/ DSS loans. †¢ Households with children had very high usage of several types of credit. Couples with children were disposed to have a personal loan or authorised overdraft, credit or store cards, mail order or hire purchase and informal. †¢ Lone-parent households showed above-average levels of usage of all credit types apart from student loans. †¢ Households in which one or both adults was unemployed were particularly likely to have an informal loan from family or friends, as was also the case for younger respondents. †¢ Student loans were mainly held by younger respondents and those living rent-free or in rented accommodation. This graph indicate that the majority of borrowers have comparatively small amounts of unsecured debt. In 2012, about 23% of borrowers had debts of up to  £1,000 and a similar proportion of households 22% were borrowing between  £1,000 and  £4,000. At the other end of the distribution, 31% of households owed more than  £10,000 on unsecured credit and more than one tenth 13% owed over  £20,000. The distribution for the amount of unsecured debt has been

Organized Being in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics...

Kants argument that good will is the supreme purpose of mans existence based on observations of the influence that reason exerts on the will is inconsistent with what may be observed in nature. It presupposes an intentional cosmos wherein an organized beings purpose, and thus its standard of value, can be extracted from an examination of its constitution and faculties. While this presupposition is logically consistent with the rest of Kants moral theory it does not coincide with what we can actually observe in nature. The following essay will examine, one, the idea of an organized being, secondly, why Kant proposes it, then we will contrast this idea with what we observe, and finally, analyse the extent of the harm done to the†¦show more content†¦Kant proposes that the distinction of purposes between reason and instinct is apparent because if mans sole purpose was his own well-being then the only factor that nature would allow to leverage his will would be instinct, the desires and inclinations thereof being entirely sufficient for that end. However, that man must have some other purpose beyond his own happiness is evident from the influence that reason exerts on the will. If mans object were his happiness alone then should reason have been communicated to this favoured creature ...it must only have served it to contemplate the happy constitution of its nature...but not that it should subject its desires to that weak and delusive guidance and meddle bunglingly with the purpose of nature. (6) Reason, in Kants view, could not have been intended by nature as an auxiliary for enhancing mans pursuit of happiness. He points out his observation that those who attempt to employ reason in pursuit of this end often achieve results contrary to it. So long as we do not doubt the capacity of reason to compel man to set aside his inclinations we must also accept that nature has intended him for a secondary purpose as well. Otherwise, Nature would not only have taken on herself the choice of the ends, butShow MoreRelatedKant s Categorical Imperative And Morality1297 Words   |  6 Pagespeople in general, from the bounds of a religious authority or moral absolute to judge them. Working during the Enlightenment, he contributed to the flow of similarly progressive ideas during this pivotal era in human development and knowledge. Brought about by his deeply religious upbringing and social environment, Kant’s categorical imperative was an attempt to rationalize religion, a central goal of the Enlightenment. Immanuel Kant’s upbringing certainly affected his thoughts on religion and moralityRead MoreImmanuel Kants View on Human Nature and the Relationship between Nations2105 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Immanuel Kants View on Human Nature and Relationship between Nations Immanuel Kant (1724 1804) was born in Kaliningrad in East Prussia. Kant spent his working life there and also produced work on various subject matters including ethics metaphysics, epistemology, aesthetics etc. He published his three famous critiques and wrote on religion, eternal peace and politics. All of the above, Kant was the philosopher of human autonomy. He was of the view that human beings can determine and manageRead MoreThe Legality, Morality, and Social Responsibility of the Affordable Care Act and Florida Blue.5116 Words   |  21 Pagesthe size and power of the federal government and it is one of the largest tax increase in the history of the world,† despite it being almost equally in size to President Clinton 1993 tax increase (â€Å"‘Obamacare’ isn’t the largest†, 2012). There is an abundance of questions surrounding the new healthcare act ranging from the constitutionality of Act to the ethical and moral ramifications of such wide sweeping legislation. This paper will attempt to answer some of these questions as they pertain to healthcare

Warid Free Essays

Warid Telecom (Research  Report) Table of Content * Acknowledgment * Dedication * Introduction to telecommunication * Introduction to Research * Research Problem * Problem Statement * Literature Review * Hypothesis * Sample Selection * Research Methodology * Data Collection * Independent Variable * Dependent Variable * Hypothesis testing * Result of Research * Selection of Alternative Htpothesis * Measurement of downsizing * Effect of Downsizing * Analysis through Pie chart * Conclusion * Reference ACKNOWLEDGMENT All acclamation to Allah who has empowered and enabled us to accomplish the task successfully First of all we would like to thank our Allah Almighty who really helps us in every problem during the project. We would like to express our sincere and humble gratitude to Almighty who’s Blessings, help and guidance has been a real source of all our achievements in our life. We would like to admit that we completed this project due to parents who pray for our success. We will write a custom essay sample on Warid or any similar topic only for you Order Now We also wish to express our appreciation to our supervisor SIR. ABDUL HAQ MISS NAYLA who helps us and introduce us to new dimensions of knowledge in Research. Last but not the least our team efforts, support, cooperation and encouragement showed by each member in the group with each other. DEDICATION Our PROJECT is dedicated to our beloved Parents, teachers, brothers, sisters and all of our-selves. Introduction to Research Establish a research territory: Show the importance / relevance / interest of the research area= Advertising is targeted messages that communicate information from a company to individual and groups of consumers. This medium allows companies to draw consumers to the company’s goods and services. In can also influence consumer buying behavior, which helps companies increase sales revenue Introduce and review previous research in the area Establish a niche: ;The purpose of this research is to basically know the impact of advertisement on the consumers so Occupy the niche: ;state the nature and purpose of your research ;indicate the shape of your paper / forecast the findings This paper examines the. The focuses on the events surrounding the downsizing ofWarid Telecom  in 2009 and 2010 and its effect on the employees of Ward, Research problem Background: Advertising  is a form of  communication  intended to  persuade  an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, ideas, or services. It includes the name of a product or service and how that product or service could benefit the consumer, to persuade a target market to purchase or to consume that particular  brand. These messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various media. Advertising can also serve to communicate an idea to a large number of people in an attempt to convince them to take a certain action. The question arises that is the huge amount of money that a brand spend on its advertisement is always beneficial for it or not? Problem Statement Does the advertisement influence the buying behavior of costumers or not? What is Warid’s Brand perception and what critical factors are influencing the operator switching decisions of consumers? Literature Review Research papers on decrease in Workforce are: Synopsis of the ‘Literature review on workforce innovation, workforce productivity, planning and modeling’ Background Increasing workforce productivity and efficiency is particularly important in the context of changing demographics, technological advances and rising costs. New and amended roles, new ways of working, clinical pathway redesign, multi-professional team working, collaborative working and advances in technology can help to all help to achieve this. In December 2008, the Workforce Transformation Project (9) Workforce Modelling Group (WMG) commissioned a Literature Review to establish the evidence and impact of workforce innovations and different workforce models on efficiency, effectiveness and quality of care, as well as understanding the possible implications for workforce planning. The literature review was undertaken by Warwick University in collaboration with the NHS Workforce Review Team and was finalized in May 2009. Key aims of the Review The aim was to review the published and grey literature and provide both general and specific evidence on: Innovations in workforce development in the health sector, particularly those aimed at improving workforce productivity and/ or the effectiveness, efficiency and quality of patient care. To include new and innovative roles, new ways of working and  deploying health care staff, alternative service models, education and training interventions, direct and indirect remuneration and reward strategies, and how the use of new technology in the workplace is incorporated into workforce development Examples of best practice and proven methods with workforce models, evidence of effectiveness and with proven successful outcomes, quality measures, costs and benefits analysis and issues which arise for change management and implementation. To include examples from sectors other than health but which could be replicated within and health care context. Evidence of improved workforce productivity and workforce development associated with the successful transfer of services from acute, hospital based services to community based provision. Understand how innovation in workforce planning has been/can be incorporated into workforce planning and development and used within workforce modelling tools. (Reference 3) The main de-motivating factors in work are as follows: 1. Inadequate salary: the workers estimate the value of their work by the salary they receive. A poor salary has a negative effect on their work. A salary is satisfactory when the worker gets what he expects, what others doing the same sort of work are getting, and what is generally regarded as being fair. . Bad working conditions: if the working conditions are not satisfactory, the workers are discouraged and lose their enthusiasm in work. 3. Inefficient administration: workers like to work for an efficient and fair administration. An efficient administration discourages the workers during their routine duties, in one way or another. 4. Incompetent supervision: the workers expect their supervision to be technically competent. If they fail to help at difficul t times, they lose the respect of their sub ordinates. 5. Poor interpersonal relations with management: the supervisors should treat their subordinates fairly and try to have good personal relations with them. Supervisors who have favourites or who are dishonest in reporting on the work of the staff are disliked. The work suffers greatly as a result. 6. Personal qualities of the leader: A leader has two forms of authority: (i) that of his position, (ii) that of his person. (Reference 4) 2008 brought problems for Warid as she is in serious crisis, downsizing has started, and other strategic decisions have to be taken to survive in this competitive market. Let’s see can $250 million save Warid? The problem of Warid Telecom is the HR of the company itself related to un? necessary manpower induction, without a JD and absence of a post induction appraisal system based on merit, which are all big question marks. Marketing strategy is the amalgamation of all other telecos of Pakistan, and heavily playing on price without much of a result, as it is not being tailored according to Warid’s Vision. Most of the Middle East Company’s favorite strategy is the price war, and the only positioning they know is cheaper rates. Warid Telecom was involved throughout the year in the activities below: †¢Planning to expand its coverage to approximately 250 more cities. No timeframe has been announced for the expansion, but Warid has said it aims to include remote and rural areas, focusing on the Northern Areas (NA), Azzad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Baluchistan, which came to me as a surprise, as such areas have already not been covered and why? The GM marketing of Warid has resigned from the company fearing questioning of lapsing 80% of the total marketing budget in just 3 months. †¢Total investment in Pakistan will touch $1. 5 billion by the end of this year while the company will further increase its investment in the telecom sector by $1 billion by the end of 2009. †¢One good thing which came concrete this year is change of company’s logo to something more 3 D. †¢Started its commercial launch of in? flight connectivity with AeroMobile. Ericsson signs pact of $300 million to expand its GSM network, including its Core, Radio, Transmission network equipment and VAS platforms †¢Launched in collaboration with AMES the entertainment and digital media portal in Pakistan †¢Deployed a solar powered BTS site using Huawei’s Solar Powered Macro Base Station (BTS) †¢Launched a new Public Call Office (PCO) scheme in ZEM Pocket PCO †¢Launched Location Based Services. Service enabled subscribers to locate the whereabouts of their family members, friends or colleague. Reference 5) The literature often assesses the downsizing of a company in terms of â€Å"announced layoffs† (cf. De Meuse et al. , 1994; Gombola and Tsetsekos, 1992; Wertheim and Robinson, 2000). Hypothesis Null Hypothesis: Layoff create motivation and no effect on workforce of warid Alternative Hypothesis: Downsizing Create de-motivation and Decrease in workforce of Warid Telecom Sample Selection Select the behavior (warid): Warid have different offices in every location and different franchise in every area, but here we select the main office and on Gulberg office, and some more location here Warid Telecom Ltd Office / Branch / Corporate Address: Spencers Building, Opp Railways Headquarters, Lahore Description: Marked by: Guest We select the sample on the basis of random sampling; warid office is considering random sampling for the employee of warid. Define the target behavior (employees): After selecting the behaviors, we specifically define the target behaviors in â€Å"observable and measurable† terms. Observable and measurable refers to behaviors that are easily observed, countable, have a beginning and an end, and are repeatable. Systematic random sampling Goal: Randomly select 25 employees from a data set of 150 recorded employees. Process: 150? 25=6. Select every 6th record in the data set. To prevent selection bias given the order of the records on the data set, the records may be sorted by name prior to random selection. Data=employees; by name; data sample; set employees; Research Methodology Data Collection Choose a data collection system: Descriptions Age  between 25-45 Income  between 8000-25,000 Gender  Both Males and Female Location  Warid website,  Warid employees Data were collected from the following four sources: Primary Data Collection: Observations Whereas here data collection records the outcome of employees, observational recording systems are used to record samples employees’ layoff as they are occurring. There are several basic systems for recording observational data. When executives view labor as a cost rather than an asset, they likely will attempt to maximize the cost reduction, leading to larger layoffs. Employees Interviews Interviews involve asking someone information about a subject. They can be conducted with both children and adults. This assessment technique helps establish a relationship with the person giving the information. Interviews are often openended, allowing the interviewer to gather additional information as needed. The research techniques that are adopted for the purpose of this study are as follows: The formal interview include people from management in telecommunication and their name are Mohammad Kamran Business Center Manager of WARID Limitation One of the major limitations while carrying out this research was the lack of cooperation on the part of the management in providing the data regarding the company and its policies. Layoff announcements were obtained from Workplace Trends Company sources say that the lay off campaign had been started as the company was facing a major financial crunch. Smelling the catastrophe, Faisal Ejaz Khan, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), has also resigned while the new CEO is yet to be appointed by the company. When contacted, former spokesperson of Warid Telecom Farah Hussain, confirmed that the entire PR section had been abolished. She also confirmed that CEO Faisal Ejaz Khan had also resigned. No responsible officer is there at the company now to confirm anything about the company status, she added. Reported annual employees Rate Warid has decided to wrap up its PR department, while it will outsource its PR activities through some PR agency, told us a source – familiar with the situation. Furthermore Farah Hussain, Manager PR and Rehan Zia, PR Officer resigned from their responsibilities. Another source while speaking with us confirmed that Warid was intending closure of its PR department for last couple of months. In the same connection, company will outsource all of its PR activities. However, we don’t know about what PR agency Warid will work with for its PR activities. Source further confirmed that Farah Hussain and Rehan Zia were asked to report new GM Marketing in Lahore. However, Farah Hussain who was based in Islamabad and Rehan Zia, who used to sit at Karachi office denied to move to Lahore, and eventually resigned. We were unable to fetch official view point of Warid over the situation. We are familiar with Warid’s marketing performance in last couple of quarters, and now closure its PR department – we are not sure about company’s intentions. (Reference 6) Questionnaire: FROM THE RESULTS OF THE PILOT SURVEY WE HAVE FRAMED THE FOLLOWING RESEARCH QUESTIONS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF â€Å"CONSUMER’S  FAVOURITE TV COMMERCIAL AND PRODUCT USED†. Section 1: Demographic information 1. How old are you? Under 18 18 to 24 25 to 30 Above 30 2. What is your relationship status? Married Unmarried Section 2: Interest and life commitments 3. Do you take interest in watching TV ads? Yes  Ã‚  No 4. Do these ads have any impact on your buying decision? Yes  Ã‚  No Section 3: Favourites for ads and products 5. Which is your favourite milk brand? Haleeb * Olpers * Milk pack * Good milk * Any other then specify . 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Which is your favorite TV ad of milk? * Haleeb * Olpers * Milk pack * Good milk * Any other then specify 5. Which is your favourite mobile brand? Nokia Samsung Matrola Sony Ericson *   Any other then specify 5. Which is your favourite TV ad of mobile? Nokia Samsung Matrola Sony Ericson Any other then specify 5. Whic h is your favourite ice cream brand? Walls Omore Yummy Gourmet Any other then specify 5. Which is your favourite TV ad of ice cream? Walls Omore Yummy Gourmet Any other then specify 5. Which is your favourite mobile connection? Jazz * ufone warid Telenor Any other then specify 5. Which are your favourite TV ads of mobile connection? Jazz U fone Warid Telenor Any other then specify 5. Which is your favourite shampoo? Dove Pentene * Sunsilk * Head and shoulders * Any other then specify 5. Which is your favourite TV add of shampoo? Dove Pentene Sunsilk Head and shoulders Any other then specify Section 4: Getting a balance 5. Do the adds help you to perceive about product? ?  Yes  ? No 16. Do the TV ads influence your shopping? ?  Yes  ? No 17. Do you think that there is Difference between favorite TV commercial and product used? ?  Yes  ? No Independent Variables: Changing market conditions:  if there is any change in market condition that will not effect on the motivation and workforce ability of warid employees * Merging of two or more firms (wateen): the collaboration and new way to perform create the motivation level, but here no effect on the workforce in warid * Strategy changes:  If the strategy change in the perf ormance of employees that will no effect on downsizing, but it is considered that the change in competitor strategy, that will effect. Dependent Variables: * Profit Margin:  A company’s profit margin is calculated by dividing profits by sales. This ratio can be a reverse proxy for the cost of producing each dollar of sales. If the per unit labor cost decreases as a result of downsizing, profit margin will rise. * * Asset Efficiency:  The asset efficiency of a company is measured by dividing sales by assets. This measure identifies how efficiently a company is using its assets to produce its sales. If a firm can reduce its assets while eliminating employees and simultaneously maintain or increase sales, it will enhance its asset efficiency. In contrast, if sales significantly drop with the reduction in staff, asset efficiency could remain constant or even decrease. Market-to-Book Ratio: A company’s market-to-book ratio is calculated by dividing the market value of the equity of a firm by its value on the books. This measure more directly reflects the investors’ perceptions of future performance than current or past performance. Thus, if investors believe that the announced layoff will improve the future effe ctiveness of the company, the ratio should increase. * Disaster in new project  : this is dependent on the workforce of company. Because there lose in the company and they compensate through decrease in expensis may be in the shape of employees layoff Hypothesis Testing and Data Analysis Q1| | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 1| 3| 30. 0| 30. 0| 30. 0| | 2| 3| 30. 0| 30. 0| 60. 0| | 3| 4| 40. 0| 40. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q2| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 5| 3| 30. 0| 30. 0| 30. 0| | 6| 4| 40. 0| 40. 0| 70. 0| | 7| 3| 30. 0| 30. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q3| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 1| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| 100. 0| Q4| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 1| 4| 40. 0| 40. 0| 40. 0| | 3| 6| 60. 0| 60. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q5| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 1| 8| 80. 0| 80. 0| 80. 0| | 3| 2| 20. 0| 20. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q6| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 1| 9| 90. 0| 90. 0| 90. 0| | 3| 1| 10. 0| 10. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q7| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 8| 7| 70. 0| 70. 0| 70. 0| | 9| 2| 20. 0| 20. 0| 90. 0| | 10| 1| 10. 0| 10. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q8| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 2| 4| 40. 0| 40. 0| 40. 0| | 3| 6| 60. 0| 60. 0| 100. 0| Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q9| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 1| 5| 50. 0| 50. 0| 50. 0| | 3| 5| 50. 0| 50. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q10| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 1| 7| 70. 0| 70. 0| 70. 0| | 3| 3| 30. 0| 30. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q11| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 14| 7| 70. 0| 70. 0| 70. 0| | 15| 3| 30. 0| 30. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q12| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 11| 3| 30. 0| 30. 0| 30. 0| | 12| 3| 30. 0| 30. 0| 60. | | 13| 4| 40. 0| 40. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q13| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 12| 3| 30. 0| 30. 0| 30. 0| | 13| 7| 70. 0| 70. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Q14| | | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 16| 6| 60. 0| 60. 0| 60. 0| | 17| 1| 10. 0| 10. 0| 70. 0| | 18| 3| 30. 0| 30. 0| 100. 0| | Total| 10| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Gender Percentage in Research: . 1. Which mobile connection you are using except warid? 2. What you think, Service of WARID as an employee or a customer is? 3. What do you think that the sales of WARID are decreasing? . The downsizing of warid is due to external causes? 5. Work force in Warid i s decreasing? 6. Is there any effect on existing employees of warid due to downsizing? 7. After downsizing employees start working 8. Warid is providing fast internet facility than its competitor? 9. SMS craze package is cheaper then its competitor? 11. WARID should focus on 1. Packages rate 2. Advertisement 3. No idea 12. How would you rate the general services of WAID? 13. The current situation of WARID? 14. The reason in warid downsizing is Result of Questionnaire: This survey generates the following result according to the people and employees of warid. Basically people and employees of warid using mobilink connect more frequently and among youngsters, Ufone is more common. But they are just satisfying with the Warid services. All of the people and respondent agree that the sales of warid are decreased and they are facing lose in business. Here one more main issue arise that is external causes are the main reason in decrease in warid sales and performance so that’s why the company is facing crisis. This cause some effect on warid employees, they believe that the company is facing crisis and that’s why company starting layoff. But here some positive aspect is founded. Employees are more efficiently doing their task, and performance level rise due to layoffs. The main reason in decrease in workforce is considered competitor strategy towards customer. They considered, Warid should bring change in the existing packages. Because of this situation in market, employees face fear in work environment and the productivity is decreases. Another fact is founded that is company failed to meet the employee’s satisfaction level. This is occurring due to the disaster in new project in warid. Selection of Alternative Hypothesis: The alternative hypothesis is selected: That is â€Å"Downsizing create de-motivation and employees become less productive and workforce of warid is decrease† Measure of Organizational Downsizing: A standardized measure was developed to provide a more accurate means to compare downsizing in warid. The organizational downsizing variable used in the study is the magnitude of the announced layoff divided by total number of employees in the company. Such a relative assessment of downsizing provides a more accurate means of examining the impact of a layoff on a company’s financial performance. So, 200-employee layoff in a firm the size of warid (36,200 employees) is likely very different from a 200employee layoff. Effects of Downsizing: All small business owners know the weighty responsibility of having employees dependent upon him to provide for their families. Despite a popular perceived view, not all business owners are cold-hearted calculating machines caring only for profits at the expense of everyone they step on while rising to the top. Downsizing also has an economic risk. Shrinking a business reduces market value and reduces its customer base, which can be dangerous if perception of the company views it as unreliable. Growth is always viewed as a positive. Downsizing is not, and doing so will require a good  public relations plan to offset negative publicity and customer perceptions. Another effect is the emotional costs to both owner and employees. Losing a job for any reason is traumatic enough, but losing a job as the result of a business owner’s decision to downsize can be easily misunderstood Analysis through pie charts presentation This chart show the usage of different networks among people 1. Approximately number of Males who are employed in Mobilink, Warid, Zong, Telenor ; Ufone? 2. Approximately number of Males who are employed in Mobilink, Warid, Zong, Telenor ; Ufone? 3. What is the turnover ratio in Mobilink, Warid, Zong, Telenor ; Ufone? 4. Approximately what percentage of employed has received training internally in Mobilink, Warid, Zong, Telenor ; Ufone? 5. What is the percentage of HR function increase in scope and working in Mobilink, Warid, Zong, Telenor ; Ufone Conclusion: The literature review identifies key innovations in workforce development and service delivery and links between productivity and skills, and it suggests reasons why there is a lack of robust evidence across the organization. Some positive conclusions conclude that: * There is a great deal of general evidence on: how best to measure productivity and performance; on links between skills and performance; on the benefits of adopting particular working practices; and workforce planning. * In general, while the  Review  suggests that there are many useful lessons to be learned, there are no simple solutions that can be deployed in all circumstances, although there are many examples of good practice The review of the general literature on links between skills and productivity suggests that, while there is strong evidence that investment in human capital is associated with positive benefits, including improved productivity, as with any other investment there is no guarantee that such benefits will accrue in any particular case. By completing this survey we came to conclude that HRM department is the main department of all telecommunication industry but according to our survey WARID have very well established department of HRM but their all employees are de-motivated and less satisfied with HRM department because of the downsizing. All these telecommunication industries focus on employee satisfaction and motivation for this they conduct training sessions give incentives and all kind of benefits that retain their employees. HRM play very important role in all activities so every industry focuses on its function and scope for the betterment in present and future. Downsizing, reduction-in-force, restructuring, lay-offs . . . the human consequences are often the same: Fewer people doing more work. The costly* conflicts that arise in such a cauldron of workplace stress are challenging for any manager, and may even lie on the path toward the manager’s own demise. Reference 1: http://propakistani. pk/2009/04/28/franchisers-not-happy-with-warid/ http://www. scribd. com/doc/18644216/Final-Marketing-Project-on-Warid-Telecom http://www. kurwongbss. eq. edu. au/ourschool/resource/selection/selection. htm Reference 2 http://www. apnatime. com/3186/2009/12/16/telecom/zong-and-warid-are-worst-in-human-resource-category/ Reference 3: http://workforcedeanery. westmidlands. nhs. uk/WorkforcePlanning/WorkforceTransformationProject9/Literaturereview/tabid/1483/language/en-US/Default. aspx Reference 4: http://www. scribd. com/doc/25489812/warid-brand-managment-project? ecret_password=autodown=pdf Reference 5: http://www. google. com. pk/url? sa=tsource=webct=rescd=10ved=0CC4QFjAJurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. ispak. com. pk%2FDownloads%2FPakistan_Telecom_Report_2008. pdfrct=jq=what+are+the+reason+in+warid+downsizingei=P0zhS_jiCIyangP3kOU3usg=AFQjCNH9BGyaTO91C88zGx67ObCneWTv7w Reference 6: http://propakistani. pk/2009/03/30/warid-wraps-up-pr-department-farrah-resigns / http://propakistani. pk/2009/04/15/warid-pr-dept-is-intact-press-release/ http://business. lovetoknow. com/wiki/Downsizin How to cite Warid, Papers

Sheng Siong free essay sample

FAIR price with quality service thats the business philosophy driving the Sheng Siong supermarket chain. We differentiate ourselves from our competitors not only by offering fairly priced goods but also excellent service. This way, we offer true value for money, managing director Lim Hock Chee said in a recent interview. Such a strategy has helped the company grow into a supermarket chain with 17 stores islandwide and headcount of over 2,000. Sales at the Ang Mo Kio outlet average $60,000 daily a far cry from the $3,000 daily takings when Sheng Siong opened its first provision shop there some 21 years ago.Previously, the family owned a farm in Punggol that supplied fresh pork to a neighbourhood market, which later closed down due to financial problems. Thats when we decided to open the Sheng Siong provision shop, Mr Lim told BT. Back then, as Mr Lim and his brothers Hock Eng and Hock Leng had no experience in running a provision shop, the family hired an experienced staff to oversee the purchasing of non-poultry products, while the brothers focused on the purchase and sales of fresh poultry. We will write a custom essay sample on Sheng Siong or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sheng Siong pays out 60 per cent of the chains profits as staff bonuses. In the early days, business cost was a major consideration, and so we hired only about four workers, with the other staff largely made up of family members. Today, it is paying about $30,000 in monthly rental for its 14,000 sq ft supermarket in Ang Mo Kio. Then in 1988, the brothers opened a second provision shop in Bedok, spread over 14,000 sq feet, followed by a third in Marsiling Road some nine years later. Sales at both outlets eventually grew to over $50,000 daily. Spurred by its success, Sheng Siong then went on a rapid expansion trail, opening some 14 new outlets between 1999 and 2006, the biggest being the one atTekka Mall with a floor space of 60,000 sq feet. According to Mr Lim, staff welfare is important as the business is very much service-driven. As such, the company provides meals, either a lunch or dinner, for all its staff every day. In addition, Sheng Siong pays out 60 per cent of the chains profits as staff bonuses. Explained Mr Lim: I tell my workers, it is the customer who is paying your salary, not me. That will drive home the importance of serving the customers well. The bonus scheme gives each of them a stake in keeping our customers satisfied and wanting to come back. The gross margin for the business ranges from 10 to 15 per cent, while net profit margin is about 5 per cent. While margins may not be high, we have a stable pool of loyal customers to sustain the business, he explained. Some 80 per cent of the shoppers at Sheng Siong are repeat customers. Between 2000 and 2005, revenues jumped from $45. 76 million to $381. 4 million, and for the first half of this year, the company chalked up sales of $212. 86 million. The supermarket chain is currently trying to raise its profile through advertising and renovations at the supermarkets.It will renovate the Katong outlet after Hari Raya. Sheng Siong says it is on the lookout for suitable locations to set up more outlets, and aims to open at least 10 supermarkets over the next five years. There are also plans to expand its operations into Johor Baru. Already, part of the sales at its Woodlands outlet comes from Malaysian tourists, and there are hopes that a new supermarket in Johor will help Sheng Siong service its Malaysian customers better. The company is looking for a new location for its warehouse ideally, one that can accommodate up to 10 times our current storage capacity, Mr Lim added.Its 100,000 sq ft warehouse is located in Marsiling. Earlier, the company had also spent more than $1. 5 million on a cutting-edge computer system that revolutionises stock management by creating a direct computer-based link to the companys various product suppliers. This ensures that the supplier of a particular product gets constant computer-generated updates on the sales volume, and cuts the additional storage cost for excess stocks. Mr Lim said the new technology will save both time and money in terms of paper work, warehousing and manpower. It can also be more nimble by keeping less stock in the warehouse.

Censorship Essays (886 words) - Freedom Of Expression, Censorship

Censorship CENSORSHIP Censorship and the ideology supporting it reiterates concepts from ancient times. In early Greek civilization, Socrates was accused of worshipping strange gods and corrupting the minds of the youth. He preferred to sacrifice his life rather than accept the censorship of his teachings. Socrates advocated free discussion, and is the first person in recorded history to formulate a philosophy of intellectual freedom. Ancient Roman society endorsed that only members of the Senate, or persons of vast authority, enjoyed the privilege of free speech. However, the extensive Roman Empire could not have remained intact for four centuries if it had not maintained a tolerant attitude toward the diverse religions and cults of the races it ruled. In our own country, the American Revolution branded the beginning of an era with an emphasis on toleration and liberty ? the Age of Enlightenment. It affected all aspects of society, from religious belief and political life, to science and literature. The Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights and the U.S. Constitution sanctioned that restraint on publication is unconstitutional. Such repression is only justified in extreme cases, such as times of war. In modern times, censorship refers to the examination of books, plays, periodicals, films, television and radio programs, news reports and the internet for the purpose of suppressing material thought to be objectionable or offensive. Censorship can be defined as the supervision and control of the information and ideas that are circulated among the people within a society. It concerns objectionable materials, such as those which may be considered to be immoral, obscene, treasonable or injurious to national security. The rationale of censorship is that it is necessary for the protection of basic social institutions: the family, the church and the state. It is a guardian of morals, and intrudes in many aspects of society: it supervises our communications, suppresses our freedom of speech, alters and edits our media and reduces the knowledge base that we can gain access to. It is claimed that permissiveness in the arts and mass media debases the public taste and corrupts all sense of dec ency. One aspect of censorship is that it omits some of our freedoms of speech when addressing a large group of people. For example, no person has the right to shout ?Fire!? in a crowded theatre when no fire is present, or urge an angry mob to riot. This, as stipulated by Congress, would be a clear and present danger to the peace and security of the community. In some local communities, school boards have exerted pressure on publishers to omit certain areas of text relating to various sensitive issues, such as evolution, the biblical account of creation, or discussions of racial or religious groups. When publishers, authors or broadcasters trespass the political or moral boundaries set by law, they may be subject to fines, imprisonment and confiscation of their publication. The U.S. film industry practices a form of self-censorship. The Motion Picture Association of America imposed on its constituents a system of film classification. The Federal Communications Commission implemented vague rules for television and radio about program content. They restrict the use of explicit language and direct references to sex. Religious, ethnic and racial groups have attempted to prevent plays, movies, and television programs because of elements they find offensive. In terms of my own opinions concerning censorship, I do not believe that it should be completely eliminated from our society. Instead of the materials we have access to being filtered and limited, I believe that the information should be available to those who choose to, and are mature enough to view it. One aspect I feel strongly about is that any individual should be able to openly criticize, through speech or publication, any government or public official. If we do not have the right to question or criticize our authority figures, than there is nothing to set our democratic society apart from that of a dictatorship. I do not believe that censorship should interfere with our correspondence, privacy, family or with our freedom of thought, religion or opinion. In terms of how censorship should be dealt with in our classroom, I think that omitting all profanity from music selection would eliminate a huge

Blackbeard the Pirate Biography for Kids

Blackbeard the Pirate Biography for Kids Kids are often interested in pirates and want to know the history of people such as Blackbeard. They may not be ready for the adult version of the  biography of Blackbeard  but can have their questions answered in this version for young readers. Who was Blackbeard? Blackbeard was a fearsome pirate who attacked other peoples ships a long time ago, in the years 1717–1718. He enjoyed looking scary, making his long black hair and beard smoke while he was fighting. He died while fighting ships sent to catch him and bring him to jail. Here are the answers to all your Blackbeard questions. Was Blackbeard his real name? His real name was Edward Thatch or Edward Teach. Pirates took nicknames to hide their real names. He was called Blackbeard because of his long, black beard. Why was he a pirate? Blackbeard was a pirate because it was a way to make a fortune. Life at sea was hard and risky for sailors in navy or on merchant ships. It was tempting to take what you learned serving on those ships and join a pirate crew where you would earn a share of the treasure. At different times, a government would encourage ships captains to be privateers and raid ships from other countries, but not theirs. These privateers might then begin to prey on any ships and become pirates. What did pirates do? Pirates sailed where they thought other ships would be. Once they found another ship, they would raise their pirate flag and attack. Usually, the other ships just gave up once they saw the flag to avoid a fight and injuries. The pirates would then steal everything the ship was carrying. What sort of stuff did pirates steal? Pirates stole anything that they could use or sell. If a ship had cannons or other good weapons, the pirates would take them. They stole food and alcohol. If there was any gold or silver, they would steal it. The ships they robbed were usually merchants ships carrying cargo such as cocoa, tobacco, cow hides or cloth. If the pirates thought they could sell the cargo, they took it. Did Blackbeard leave behind any buried treasure? Lots of people think so, but probably not. Pirates preferred to spend their gold and silver and not bury it somewhere. Also, most of the treasure he stole was cargo rather than coins and jewels. He would sell the cargo and spend the money. Who were some of Blackbeards friends? Blackbeard learned how to be a pirate from Benjamin Hornigold, who gave him command of one of his pirate ships. Blackbeard helped Major Stede Bonnet, who didnt really know much about being a pirate. Another friend was Charles Vane, who had several chances to stop being a pirate but he never took them. Why was Blackbeard so famous? Blackbeard was famous because he was a very scary pirate. When he knew he was going to attack someone’s ship, he put smoking fuses in his long black hair and beard. He also wore pistols strapped to his body. Some sailors who saw him in battle actually thought he was the devil. Word of him spread and people on both land and sea were scared of him. Did Blackbeard have a family? According to Captain Charles Johnson, who lived at the same time as Blackbeard, he had 14 wives. This probably isn’t true, but it seems likely that Blackbeard did get married sometime in 1718 in North Carolina. There is no record of him ever having any kids. Did Blackbeard have a pirate flag and a pirate ship? Blackbeards pirate flag was black with a white devil skeleton on it. The skeleton was holding a spear pointing at a red heart. He also had a very famous ship called the Queen Annes Revenge. This mighty ship had 40 cannons on it, making it one of the most dangerous pirate ships ever. Did they ever catch Blackbeard? Local leaders often offered a reward for the capture of famous pirates. Many men tried to catch Blackbeard, but he was too smart for them and escaped capture many times. To get him to stop, he was offered a pardon and he accepted it. However, he returned to piracy How did Blackbeard die? Finally, on November 22, 1718, pirate hunters caught up with him near Ocracoke Island, off of North Carolina. Blackbeard and his men put up quite a fight, but in the end, they were all killed or arrested. Blackbeard died in battle and his head was cut off so the pirate hunters could prove they killed him. According to an old story, his headless body swam around his ship three times. This was not possible but added to his fearsome reputation. Sources: Cordingly, David. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996 Defoe, Daniel (Captain Charles Johnson). A General History of the Pyrates. Edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999. Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: the Lyons Press, 2009 Woodard, Colin. The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down. Mariner Books, 2008.

Finanical Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finanical Management - Essay Example manufactures time series photographic equipment. It is currently at its target debt-equity ratio of 1.3. It is considering building a new 45million manufacturing facility. This new plant is expected to generate after-tax cash flows of 5.7 million to perpetuity. There are three financing options. It will be noted that the flotation charges made from issuing common stock has caused the shortage on the required investment for the new building. Initially, the firm has considered raising funds to finance new building construction, but it seems this option needs some mix re-alignment or additional financing either thru bonds or bank borrowings. Flotation cost is defined as the costs associated with issuance of new securities. It is the portion of the proceeds associated with the size of the spread. It includes costs incurred by the underwriting company in marketing the stocks. Annual coupon rate 9% YTM 20 yrs. Purchase value $950.00 Face value $1000.00 Current yield 9.474% Yield to maturity 9.570% A criterion for evaluation of NPV is when NPV is more than zero, accept the project when it is positive, and when the NPV is negative, reject the project. NPV also gives us an idea if the total net present value can finance the project cost. (Van Horne) M & M contends that capital structure is irrelevant, and that the value of the firm depends on its total asset and not by its capital structures. In the diagram above of two firms, both are levered by equity and debt and have similar financial capital structure. The only difference that could be observed is how they finance their operation. In diagram A, 70% is levered by stock

Ethics in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Ethics in Criminal Justice - Essay Example on the variety of ideas and the effectiveness of its execution depends on dedication and commitment on part of people involved to carry out the decision. â€Å"Ethical decision making will be reserved for use in a group decision making context. Specifically, we will address ethical decision making in business as providing the guiding requirements or goals for right conduct† (Addressing Ethics in Decision Making, 2009). It is the most realistic and accurate expression of the fundamental feeling behind the ethical point of view, that is, benevolence. This principle states that there is room in the structure for conventional ethical rules, but adds that these principles can gain power only from maximizing usefulness during the long term. There is probably no one in the modern period whose visions have influenced moral reflection above those of 18th-century theorist Immanuel Kant. Kant creates his "supreme principle" in numerous different methods, all of which he claims to be equal. Unlike other two ethical principles, virtue ethics does not offer ethics for judging an act right or wrong. It gives attention to building up the character of human beings so that an individual is bound to do the right thing. Character traits such as self-control, courage, justice generosity, gentleness etc are developed through this. Virtue ethics revolves around achievement and promotion of human excellence. Every moral virtue is a means that gives extreme happiness. Sometimes it generates a feeling of doing too much or too little. The absolute mean is diverse from the mean as it is relative to the human being. Ethical decision-making in the organizations helps to change the future for the better. â€Å"Addressing ethics in decision making in business or other large organizations or groups (e.g., government) does point to the need to ensure that key focusing decisions have been made and are in place. In particular, the business decision for core values should be in place to provide the

Public Sector vs Private Sector Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Sector vs Private Sector - Research Paper Example In practice, the method chosen for the evaluation of a project can highly vary depended on the project’s targets, the resources available and the environment in which the project was first developed. For example, if the project has been developed in the private sector its evaluation will be based on a method that will be different from those used in the public sector. Cost Benefit Analysis/ Cost Effectiveness Analysis The specific method of project evaluation is ideal for projects that have both economic and non-economic effects (Simic, Vratonjic & Beric 2011, p.114). When the costs involved in a project are difficult to be precisely estimated, then the Cost Effectiveness Analysis would be preferred. The Cost-Effectiveness Analysis has an important benefit: it gives the chance to choose among alternative projects so that the project related to the lowest costs is identified (Simic, Vratonjic & Beric 2011, p.115). ... Effectiveness Analysis (Simic, Vratonjic & Beric 2011, p.117) Setting project’s goals and purpose Setting ‘the conditions for the achievement of goals’ (Simic, Vratonjic & Beric 2011, p.117) Introducing alternatives; for each goal at least two alternatives need to be available, meaning alternative strategies/ methodologies for achieving a particular goal Introducing evaluation criteria; for example: ‘feasibility and availability’ (Simic, Vratonjic & Beric 2011, p.117) Introducing evaluation criteria related to costs; fixed cost criteria are preferred since they refer to a wide range of costs, including ‘research and development, project implementation and maintenance’ (Simic, Vratonjic & Beric 2011, p.117) Deciding on the quality/ appropriateness of alternatives Evaluating each alternative in terms of its sensitivity, i.e. whether it is vulnerable to changes. Evaluating each alternative in terms of its content, meaning especially the accu racy of costs involved The findings of the research over the quality of a project are further discussed and analyzed aiming to present all aspects of the project and of the alternatives available A different process for the evaluation of a project can be chosen, taking into consideration the economic and social environment and the project’s targets. For example, the African Development Bank Group tends to use a specific process for evaluating its projects; this process is presented in Figure 2 below. Figure 2 – Evaluation process of projects developed by ADBG (ADBG 2004, p.iii) Evaluation of project – Costs The costs of a project are usually categorized according to the nature of the project and its targets. In the case of BlueJay, costs would be divided into two major categories. A. Total ownership costs These are

Threats and Opportunities for Insurance Companies

Threats and Opportunities for Insurance Companies Climate change has become one of the most important aspects of our daily lives as it has a deep impact on our systems and the general well being of humanity. Such unprecedented change in the climate has resulted in extreme catastrophes such as hurricanes, floods, wild fires, etc. The loss caused by such accidents is not limited to the general public, but is further passed on to industry, which thrives on the concept of underwriting assets. The industries core belief is to quantify the uncertainty of an unforeseen event. But as these events are growing in frequency and size, it will continue to challenge the sustainability of insurance companies. Inevitably, it will transfer the burden to the insurance purchaser, as insurance companies will seek higher premiums for their products, which will only make it less affordable for the masses to afford essential insurance coverage. In this essay we will discuss the various challenges that the industry faces due to climate change, the possible ways to mitigate the threats, and then the scope of more opportunities arising out of the given change. Climate change can be seen as a threat to many insurance companies in the long term as well as the short term. IPCC (2007) has confirmed an increase in the frequency of the catastrophe in the recent years. Insurance claims running into billions of dollars can cause a huge dent in this industry, which makes up up-to 10% of the US economy. It is only natural for insurance companies to charge higher premium for those asserts. Which are exposed to high risks, making it less affordable to the market. The chairman of Lloyds of London quoted that climate change is the number- one issue for that massive insurance group. And also Europes largest insurer, Allianz, stated climate change stands to increase insured losses from extreme events in an average year by 37% within just a decade (Hawker, 2007,p.28). In the past, insurance companies have relied on previous data to formulate policies. But such a practice has only caused high losses as the climate is changing in a rapid way. Warren buffet pointed out insurance companies cant simply extrapolate past experience. If there is a is truly global warming, for example, the odds would shift, since tiny changes in atmospheric conditions can produce momentous changes in weather patterns'. Therefore new techniques such as risk management system (RMS) are used extensively by insurance industry for assessing and managing risks. Hurricane Andrew caused a loss of $23 billion to insurers as they based their policies after relying on past data. However, the same industry had a much smaller impact when hurricane hit the US coast in 20004 and 2005, as they used future risk models such as RMS to formulate policies (Herweiger et. al., 2009). Climate change leads to increase damage and costs as ever increasing level and long lasting wildfires are causing more claims and property damages. Such frequency and magnitude of potential losses can jeopardize the solvency of insurance and reinsurance companies. Sustainability can be insured if the given threats are dealt with adequately. Insurance industries have a history of fostering practices and technologies to reduce risks. Some of the possible and effective ways to mitigate risks are, firstly, a lesser premium can be charged from customers of motor insurance who drive hybrid cars or use pay as you drive scheme. Special benefits can be given to customers who buy vehicles jointly to use them under car pool system. Secondly, a close association with government agencies to improve land use planning, better management of forestry agriculture and wet lands can help in having a well balanced growth that does not put to much pressure on natural resources. Collaboration with private builders to promote, improved building codes, which insure minimum damage to the environment, lower energy requirements and long-term durability. Thirdly, building awareness amongst clients and formulation of public policy. Companies can provide information and edu cation to customers about the harmful effects of violating laws of nature. Consultation should be given to primary and secondary industry to reduce their impact on their immediate environment. . Many insurers have already made investments in green projects like renewable energy, energy efficiency, forestry projects and green funds to ensure that their customers receive protection and also saving them from large claims (Mills, 2007,p.7). Promotion of voluntary energy saving and energy efficient codes can help reduce our dependence on state electrical supply. Active participation from insurers such as AIG offer its Private Client Group a service in which crews are deployed to apply fire retardant in areas such as Colorado which are threatened by wildfire. Climate change can prove as a very big opportunity for insurers as the unpredictable climate can threaten their customers and lead them to insuring their assets. However they must adapt timely successfully. Responding to change is important as it brings opportunities. Insurance companies should develop new solutions and introduce insurance of new assets and risks for their customers changing needs. It is also seen that the Insurance industry is in constant search of better returns for its vast investments. In this regard it could take advantage of the opportunities available in alternative energy sources as it is a good investment as constant technological developments make this it more affordable and attractive for the public. Introducing new products such as risk based pricing under which insurance premiums are charged as per their risk exposure. For normal policies, premium is charged by keeping various factors in hand, but the premium is standard for all, no consideration is given to a policy holders risk exposure. For example- buying car insurance in UK, Any individual above the age of 21 is charged a basic insurance premium which is more or less standard. However when it comes to providing insurance cover to an individual below the age of 21, the policy premium is charged at a much higher rate, as the possibility of an accident is much higher as these new drivers are mostly inexperienced. Another opportunity comes from state help, in form of promotion, because If the majority of the population do not insure their properties then in case of a catastrophe, the financial burden will fall on the state insurers, so to save from this burden, governments promote and favour private insurance companies. Thus making it profitable for private insurers as well as the government. Some of the possible ways to tap the available opportunity are firstly by energy saving insurance, which is given to promoters of energy efficient projects to protect them from loss due to underachievement of predicted energy efficiency. Secondly by motor insurance where packages such as pay as you drive insurance are given, in which cover is given for the miles driven. This helps to reduce miles driven by 10 % to 15 % and also reduces accidents. Thirdly by green building insurance, insurance schemes for buildings that comply with green, eco friendly codes. Fourthly by micro insurance, where the majority of the population living below poverty line, cannot afford insurance of any sort. Therefore new packages for this section of the society can help to capture a very large customer base. Fifthly by investing in alternate energy sources As they can help to get a much higher returns to the surplus investable capital of insurance companies, as this sector holds great promise for better, cleaner greener energy, through technological innovations. And lastly by improved identification of flood plains will help to promote insurance purchasing in the marked areas. After exploring the implications of climate change on the insurance industry, I have shown above, the threats opportunities that the insurance companies face. By comparing both sides of the argument, I believe that the insurance industry faces more threats than opportunities due to climate change. An ever-increasing catastrophe rate, sparked by excessive climate change has lead to increased financial losses, reduced customer base in some case cases complete wipe out of companies. Therefore it is only right for these companies to mitigate these risks in order to insure sustainability. In the given scenario, there also exist enough opportunities to develop new business models and increase revenue through new policies, revised competitive rates. Many untapped market segments, which remain untouched by industry, can provide high revenues. Adequate investments in research and technology will be beneficial for the industry. Above all, a close association with the general public, government agencies private sector enterprise will help the insurance industry to protect itself from the dangers of climate change and provide sufficient opportunity to grow in size.

Stonehenge :: essays research papers

In the hill country of northern England, many sites of Stonehenge exist. Approximately 150 to 200 enormous stones lie stacked on top of each other forming somewhat of an altar. Tall stones stand upright surrounding the center stone which is bluestone. This is unlike the sandstone columns which surround it. This may not seem unusual at first; however, there are three main factors that make Stonehenge extremely odd. Each of these stones weigh close to 4 tons. There are also no other stones in a radius of 15 miles. With today’s sophisticated equipment the moving of these large stones would not be difficult, but one must remember, Stonehenge was built approximately 4800 B.C. Radiocarbon dating shows that these stone structures are older than the great pyramids of Egypt, and the large cities of Rome. Of course Stonehenge is not as advanced as the great pyramids but it was built in an area which wasn’t as advanced as the Egyptians or Romans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The outside stones are made completely of sandstone, this is at least 18 miles from the site where the sandstone was quarried from. Each stone stands upright and are expertly balanced. Stones of the same composition and size, rest on top forming a circular structure. In the middle of these stones, giant pieces of bluestone lay on the ground in â€Å"horse shoe† like shapes. These stones are also called spotted dolorite, and are not found within a 225 mile radius. In the very center, a piece of Welsh sandstone lay as a monument.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most interesting facts about Stonehenge is that it is perfectly lined up with the winter (December 21) and summer (June 21) solstices. This is when the beginning of summer and winter when the Earth’s axis changes. As the sun rises over the horizon on those two days, its rays go through a small hole in one of the rocks. The alignment is perfect. The other significant characteristic of these prehistoric masterpieces, is that absolutely no mortar or cement exists throughout the entire structure. These huge stones lay balanced on top of each other with no glue or substance to hold them together. The only thing that stops these gargantuan stones from falling is a simple system of joints. Originally these structures were thought to be circles. In fact, many people still think they are circular; however, they are not. Some have flattened sides, some are hexagonal and some are elliptical. This is not easy to see with the naked eye which is why so